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The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, also known as the Goldstone Report, was a team established in April 2009 by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) during the Gaza War (January 2009) as an independent international fact-finding mission to investigate alleged violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the Palestinian territories, particularly the Gaza Strip, in connection with Gaza War.〔(Report of the Human Rights Council on its Ninth Special Session ), UNHCR, 27 February 2009〕 South African jurist Richard Goldstone was appointed to head the mission.〔〔(United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict ). United Nations Human Rights Council. Retrieved 17 October 2009.〕 Goldstone's work investigating violence led directly to him being nominated to serve as the first chief prosecutor of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda from August 1994 to September 1996. The report accused both the Israel Defense Forces and the Palestinian militants of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity. It recommended that each side openly investigate its own conduct, and to bring the allegations to the International Criminal Court if they failed to do so.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8257301.stm )〕 The government of Israel rejected the report as prejudiced and full of errors, and also sharply rejected the charge that it had a policy of deliberately targeting civilians.〔('Syria, Somalia can't preach morality' ) ''The Jerusalem Post'' 16 September 2009〕 The militant Islamic group Hamas initially rejected some of the report's findings,〔(''Hamas drafts responses to its accusations in Goldstone report[http://www.ceia-sc.org/page37/page175/page175.html Goldstone Report]'' )〕 but then urged world powers to embrace it.〔(Haniyeh: World must back Goldstone's Gaza report ), ''Ma'an'', 20 September 2009.〕 The controversial report received wide support among countries in the United Nations, while Western countries were split between supporters and opponents of the resolutions endorsing the report.〔(Israel debates response to Gaza report ), BBC News 24 October 2009〕〔(Britain criticised for opting out of UN vote condemning Israel ), ''The Times'' 17 October 2009〕〔('Middle East Peace Process Faces Paralysis' ), Sky News 18 October 2009〕〔(Israel to UN body: Come to your senses on Goldstone Report ), ''Haaretz'' 1 October 2009〕 Critics of the report claimed that it contained methodological failings, legal and factual errors, and falsehoods, and devoted insufficient attention to the allegations that Hamas was deliberately operating in heavily populated areas of Gaza.〔(2009 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories ). US Department of State. March 11, 2010.〕〔 On 1 April 2011, Goldstone retracted his claim that it was Israeli government policy to deliberately target citizens, saying "While the investigations published by the Israeli military and recognized in the U.N. committee's report have established the validity of some incidents that we investigated in cases involving individual soldiers, they also indicate that civilians were not intentionally targeted as a matter of policy." On 14 April 2011 the three other coauthors of the United Nations (UN) fact-finding mission on the Gaza conflict of 2008–2009 Hina Jilani, Christine Chinkin and Desmond Travers released a joint statement criticizing Goldstone's recantation of this aspect of the report. They all agreed that the report was valid and that Israel and Hamas had failed to investigate alleged war crimes satisfactorily. ==Mandate of mission== On 3 January 2009, in response to the Gaza War, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference's executive committee asked the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) to send a fact-finding mission to Gaza.〔('OIC initiated Goldstone inquiry' ), Al Jazeera, 28 October 2009〕 On 12 January, the council adopted Resolution S-9/1, deciding "to dispatch an urgent, independent international fact-finding mission, to be appointed by the President of the Council, to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law by the occupying Power, Israel, against the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the occupied Gaza Strip, due to the current aggression, and calls upon Israel not to obstruct the process of investigation and to fully cooperate with the mission"〔(Report of the Human Rights Council on its Ninth Special Session ), UNHCR, 27 February 2009.〕 Upon being asked to lead the Mission, former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson expressed disappointment with the mandate and refused to head the Mission for that reason. She stated that the resolution adopted by UN Human Rights Council was one-sided and "guided not by human rights but by politics". She later expressed full support for the report.〔(Accounting for Gaza, Mary Robinson, 30 September 2009 )〕 Richard Goldstone initially refused the appointment for the same reason, calling the mandate "biased" and "uneven-handed". In January 2011, Goldstone said that the UNHRC "repeatedly rush to pass condemnatory resolutions in the face of alleged violations of human rights law by Israel but fail to take similar action in the face of even more serious violations by other States. Until the Gaza Report they failed to condemn the firing of rockets and mortars at Israeli civilian centers".〔(Judge Goldstone Contradicts the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights )〕 Following Goldstone's objection, the mandate was informally widened to cover activities by Palestinian militants as well, and this was the formulation quoted by the final report.〔 Its mandate was "to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 December 2008 and 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after. Speaking at Brandeis University, Goldstone noted that the widened mandate was presented by the president of the UNHRC to a plenary session, where it did not encounter a single objection.〔(Goldstone in remarks at Brandeis university, cf. 08:30 )〕 He later described as "tiresome and inept" allegations forwarded by U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton that the mandate had not been broadened to cover violations by all parties.〔 Despite Ambassador Martin Uhomoibhi's verbal commitment that there was no objection to the revised mandate, the Human Rights Council never voted to revise the mandate, and resolution S-9/1 remained unchanged.〔(Text of Resolution S-9/1 - the appointment of the mission followed the adoption on 12 January 2009 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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